General Motors is saving every cent it can, from shutting down escalators at night to limiting workers’ choice of pens, in case it needs to fight to survive beyond year’s end and until a friendlier Washington takes over.

Yet even a truckload of penny-pinching might not be enough.

GM has already cut its US work force by almost 80,000 this decade, reducing it to 96,000, and it has idled five factories and laid off 11,000 domestic workers this year alone.

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